Table 3 The mean and standard deviation of energy intake, macronutrients, and micronutrients before and after intervention in type 2 diabetes patients
| Vitamin D (N = 42) | Placebo (N = 43) | P-value* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Energy (kcal/day) | Baseline | 1638.59 (377.82) | 1578.38 (399.64) | 0.478 |
| After intervention | 1701.36 (485.61) | 1564.68 (392.75) | 0.157 | |
| P-value** | 0.381 | 0.871 | ||
| Protein (g/day) | Baseline | 82.27 (23.34) | 78.79 (31.82) | 0.568 |
| After intervention | 89.31 (35.83) | 80.31 (32.16) | 0.226 | |
| P-value** | 0.190 | 0.823 | ||
| Carbohydrate (g/day) | Baseline | 232.69 (67.62) | 220.85 (54.71) | 0.377 |
| After intervention | 231.41 (62.34) | 214.21 (51.19) | 0.168 | |
| P-value** | 0.891 | 0.522 | ||
| Total fat (g/day) | Baseline | 47.61 (11.25) | 46.83 (12.22) | 0.760 |
| After intervention | 51.31 (17.33) | 47.41 (14.13) | 0.258 | |
| P-value** | 0.199 | 0.830 | ||
| SFA (g/day) | Baseline | 16.10 (4.58) | 15.35 (3.75) | 0.413 |
| After intervention | 16.01 (6.10) | 15.74 (4.54) | 0.819 | |
| P-value** | 0.913 | 0.639 | ||
| MUFA (g/day) | Baseline | 16.06 (3.85) | 15.59 (5.07) | 0.636 |
| After intervention | 17.13 (5.85) | 15.56 (4.86) | 0.182 | |
| P-value** | 0.265 | 0.976 | ||
| PUFA (g/day) | Baseline | 9.98 (3.04) | 10.04 (3.45) | 0.836 |
| After intervention | 10.49 (2.47) | 9.97 (3.86) | 0.480 | |
| P-value** | 0.365 | 0.919 | ||
| Calcium (mg/day) | Baseline | 835.33 (279.75) | 838.41 (301.51) | 0.961 |
| After intervention | 804.44 (324.89) | 833.63 (292.95) | 0.665 | |
| P-value** | 0.487 | 0.929 | ||
| Phosphorus (mg/day) | Baseline | 1444.29 (402.18) | 1364.80 (372.84) | 0.347 |
| After intervention | 1459.15 (467.88) | 1355.23 (388.99) | 0.268 | |
| P-value** | 0.814 | 0.897 | ||
| Vitamin D (μg/day) | Baseline | 1.73 (1.28) | 1.84 (1.41) | 0.710 |
| After intervention | 1.58 (1.18) | 1.64 (1.22) | 0.835 | |
| P-value** | 0.386 | 0.334 | ||
| Total fiber (g/day) | Baseline | 29.23 (10.67) | 26.58 (7.56) | 0.192 |
| After intervention | 29.96 (8.25) | 25.91 (9.05) | 0.578 | |
| P-value** | 0.127 | 0.603 |